Communicative Theory

Master the fundamentals of communication models through interactive learning

Shannon-Weaver Model (1948)

Sender Encoder Channel Decoder Receiver Noise

Type: Linear Model

Key Concept: Information flows from sender to receiver through a channel, with potential noise interference.

Components: Sender → Encoder → Channel → Decoder → Receiver (with Noise affecting the channel)

Limitation: One-way communication, no feedback mechanism.

Transactional Model

CONTEXT Communicator A (Sender/Receiver) Communicator B (Sender/Receiver) Message Feedback ā— Noise

Type: Interactive Model

Key Concept: Communication is simultaneous and multidirectional. All participants are both senders and receivers.

Components: Communicators send and receive messages simultaneously, influenced by context, noise, and feedback.

Key Insight: Emphasizes the dynamic nature of communication.

Berlo's SMCR Model (1960)

SOURCE • Comm. Skills • Attitudes • Knowledge • Social System • Culture MESSAGE • Content • Elements • Treatment • Structure • Code CHANNEL • Seeing • Hearing • Touching • Smelling/Tasting RECEIVER • Comm. Skills • Attitudes • Knowledge • Social System • Culture

Type: Linear Model

Key Concept: Focuses on the components: Source, Message, Channel, Receiver.

Components: Each component has sub-elements (e.g., communication skills, attitudes, knowledge for source and receiver).

Application: Useful for analyzing communication effectiveness.

Schramm's Model (1954)

Field of Experience Field of Experience Shared Experience Encoder Sender Decoder Receiver Message Feedback Encodes Message Decodes Message

Type: Interactive Model

Key Concept: Introduces the concept of "field of experience" - communication is effective when sender and receiver share common experiences.

Innovation: Added feedback loop and emphasized encoding/decoding processes.

Barnlund's Transactional Model (1970)

Person A Person B Encode/Decode Encode/Decode ā— Public Cues ā—‹ Private Cues → Behavioral Cues Simultaneous Communication

Type: Transactional Model

Key Concept: Communication is a continuous, simultaneous process. Both parties are constantly sending and receiving.

Key Features: Recognizes public, private, and behavioral cues in communication.

Gerbner's Model (1956)

Event Perceiver (Person M) perceives Form/ Content creates Signal (Message) produces Receiver to E (Event) M (Person) E¹ (Percept) SE (Signal) E² (Percept)

Type: General Model

Key Concept: Focuses on perception and how someone perceives an event and communicates about it.

Components: Event → Perception → Signal → Receiver's perception